Naamloos
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The Conjugation of the Subjunctive in French
(For the PDF version, click here.)
The present subjunctive (subjonctif présent)
The majority of French verbs follow the same pattern when they are conjugated in the present subjunctive. In other words, they follow the conjugation of the présent de l’indicatif, except for the first- and second-person plural (nous and vous), where they follow the conjugation of the imparfait de l’indicatif.
The only exceptions to this rule are the verbs être and avoir.
However, many verbs present irregularities in the stem. These exceptions can be divided into three categories:
a. verbs with one irregular subjunctive stem
The verbs faire, pouvoir, and savoir have a stem that is completely different from the présent de l’indicatif stem.
b. verbs with two irregular subjunctive stems
The verbs aller and vouloir also have a stem that is completely different from that of the présent de l’indicatif, but unlike the previous verbs, they use the stem from the présent de l’indicatif for the first- and second-person plural.
c. verbs with two stems in the présent de l’indicatif
These verbs will use the stem of the 3rd person plural from the présent de l’indicatif for je, tu, il, and ils. Nous and vous keep the same stem in the subjunctive. This category includes all the irregular verbs not mentioned previously.
The past subjunctive (subjonctif passé)
The past subjunctive can be divided into three tenses: past, imperfect, and pluperfect. Of those three, only the past subjunctive is still used in everyday speech and writing.
The subjonctif passé indicates that the action taking place in the subordinate clause happened before that of the main clause. It is created by combining the present subjunctive of the auxiliary verb (avoir or être) with the past participle.
The imperfect and the pluperfect subjunctive (subjonctifs imparfait et plus-que-parfait)
The imperfect and pluperfect tenses are considered to be literary tenses, and as such are only found in formal writing.
An upcoming post will detail when to use the subjunctive!
(via thewordhord)
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Libraries with a sense of humour.
Just excellent !!!!!!
(via highlandvalley)
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“I am a different person to different people. Annoying to one. Talented to another. Quiet to a few. Unknown to a lot. But who am I, to me?”
— dream-jackson
(via fy-perspectives)(via taniawho)
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Not too long ago you were asked what your daily sadhana looks like and in your response you mentioned a morning and evening prayer. I was wondering if you wouldn’t mind expanding on that - if it’s not too personal. Who/what do you pray to? How is it different from your meditation?
I pray to That.
You may call it by any name, be it God(dess), the Self, the Divine, Guru, etc.
When I practice meditation, I sit for a set period of time and use the jangama dhyana technique.
When I pray, I usually do so by pressing my hands together before my altar and introverting my attention with eyes closed.
I open my heart to That and ask for guidance, inspiration, and the blessing to realize Truth. I also pray for the peace, freedom, and happiness of all beings in all worlds without exception.
Also prayer is an excellent time to say “thank you.”
What about you all? Feel free to comment.
Namaste :)
